Endoscopic treatment for ureterovesical junction stenosis in patients with kidney transplantation: 13 cases report / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the safety and efficacy of endoscopic treatment for ureterovesical junction (UVJ) stenosis in patients with kidney transplantation.@*METHODS@#A retrospective study was conducted among the patients with kidney transplantation diagnosed as UVJ stenosis from 2012 March to 2018 July in Urology and Lithotripsy Center, Peking University People's Hospital. Only the patients who received endoscopic treatment were included, with staged or same-session nephrostomy followed by a retrograde ureteroscopy to evaluate the ureteral stenosis. Incisions with laser, mono- or bipolar energy, or balloon dilation were used to manage the stenosis depending on different situations. Demographic characteristics and clinical data were gathered and analyzed, including age, gender, preoperative serum creatinine, hemoglobin, operation time, success rate, postoperative serum creatinine, hemoglobin, postoperative complications rate, and long-term stenosis recurrence rate.@*RESULTS@#In this study, 13 patients were included (9 males and 4 females). All the UVJ stenoses were diagnosed with preoperative ultrasound, CT scan, MRI, or urethrography. The mean age was 45 years (range 34-57 years). The mean preoperative serum creatinine was 243 μmol/L. Four patients developed UVJ stenosis 1 month after kidney transplantation, while the rest developed long-term stenosis. Fifteen operations were performed in all, of which 14 cases were successful while one failed. The first 8 cases received first-stage nephrostomy and second-stage endoscopic management of the stenosis, while the last 7 cases received the same session surgery. The mean operation time was 95.4 min vs. 68.9 min, and the immediate success rate was 87.5% vs. 100.0% in the first 8 cases and last 7 cases, respectively. The mean decrease of postoperative hemoglobin was 0.6 g/L and mean postoperative serum creatinine was 105 μmol/L. No postoperative fever, severe hematuria, and urine leak were observed. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 2.8 days. Three patients were able to remove ureteral stents and no recurrence was found with a follow-up time of 9, 17, and 82 months. The long-term stenosis recurrence rate was 76.9% (10/13).@*CONCLUSION@#Endoscopic approach for the treatment of UVJ stenosis in patients with kidney transplantation was safe and efficient in our study cohort. However, long term stenosis recurrence rate was high and needed to be paid attention to.

Status quo of Luzhou public hospital libraries and suggestions for their development / 中华医学图书情报杂志

The following were investigated, including the number of staff in Luzhou public hospital libraries, the administrative departments of Luzhou public hospitals, the education level and specialized subjects of administrative staff, the soft and hard ware and resource development in Luzhou public hospital libraries, followed by an analysis of the status quo in Luzhou public hospital libraries with suggestions put forward for their development .

Discussion on the regular of acupoint selection of acupuncture and moxibustion for lumbar disc herniation during recent 10 years / 中国针灸

By taking "lumbar disc herniation", Chinese medicine", "acupuncture and moxibustion" as key words Chinese articles about acupuncture for lumbar disc herniation in recent 10 years were searched in three major Chinese databases of Wan fang database, VIP database and CNKI. Totally 546 relative articles were retrieved. After the elimination of invalid articles, 173 were included as valid articles with 49 main acupoints. The hierarchical clustering statistical method was used to analyze the possible rules among the former 20 acupoints. It turned out that there were 10 most common used acupoints on Bladder Meridian [Geshu (BL 17), Xiaochangshu (BL 27), Shenshu (BL 23), Dachangshu (BL 25), Pangguangshu (BL 28), Guanyuanshu (BL 26), Weizbong (BL 40), Zhibian (BL 54), Chengshan (BL 57), Kunlun (BL 60)], 2 on Gallbladder Meridian [Huantiao (GB 30), Yanglingquan (GB 34)], 2 on Governor Vessel [Yaoyangguan (GV 3), Shuigou (GV 26)], 2 on Stomach Meridian [Zusanli (ST 36), Juliao (ST 3)], 2 on Spleen Meridian [Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Xuehai (SP 10)], and the rest were extra points (Huatuo Jiaji) and Ashi points, so a conclusion could be drawn that the most common used acupoints were Bladder Meridian acupoints and supplemented by Gallbladder Meridian, Governor Vessel, Stomach Meridian, Spleen Meridian, extra points and Ashi points. The selected acupoints were most located on the lumbosacral region, leg and fewer located on the face, back and local part.

HIWI expression profile in cancer cells and its prognostic value for patients with colorectal cancer / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>HIWI is a member of PIWI gene family and its expression is found in various tumors, indicating that it may play a pivotal role in tumor development. This study was designated to examine HIWI protein expression profile in several cancer cell lines and its prognostic value for patients with colorectal cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 270 patients who underwent surgical resection of primary colorectal cancer between January 1999 and December 2002 with a median follow-up time of 33 months were registered in the study. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens from these patients and 236 matched adjacent non-cancerous normal colorectal tissues were collected. Anti-HIWI monoclonal antibodies were generated and used for evaluating HIWI protein expression. χ(2) tests were conducted to determine the association between HIWI expression and the other variables. Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed by using the Cox regression model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>By generating antibodies specific for HIWI, we examined HIWI protein expression in several cancer cell lines and demonstrated positive expression of HIWI in 69 out of 270 (25.6%) colorectal cancer tissues; 15 of 236 (6.4%) matched adjacent non-cancerous tissues were also positive for HIWI. Patients with positive HIWI expression in adjacent non-cancerous tissue had statistically lower overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) compared with negative patients (OS: 10.4% vs. 55.5%, P = 0.009; DFS: 10.4% vs. 55.1%, P = 0.015). For early stage group (stages I and II), patients with positive HIWI expression had significantly lower OS and DFS (OS: 57.4% vs. 79.5%, P = 0.014; DFS: 56.7% vs. 80.5%, P = 0.010). In lymph node negative group, patients with positive HIWI expression had statistically lower OS and DFS (OS: 53.0% vs. 73.5%, P = 0.037; DFS: 52.2% vs. 74.6%, P = 0.025). Multivariate analysis revealed that HIWI over-expression was a significant prognostic factor for OS (95%CI: 1.132 - 2.479, P = 0.010).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HIWI could be a potential prognostic biomarker for the patients with colorectal cancer, especially for those at early stages or without lymph node metastasis.</p>

Treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia and endothelial dysfunction in renal-transplant recipients with vitamin B / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of vitamin B on treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia and endothelial dysfunction in renal-transplant recipients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-six stable hyperhomocysteinemic renal-transplant recipients were randomly assigned to vitamin treatment (group A, n = 18, folic acid 5 mg/d, vitamin B(6) 50 mg/d, B(12) 1000 microg/d) or controlled group (group B, n = 18) for 6 months. All subjects underwent assessment of levels for creatinine, creatinine clearance, average pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride and fasting homocysteine. Endothelial function was evaluated using high-resolution vascular ultrasound.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The levels of homocysteine markedly decreased in group A [(13 +/- 4) micromol/L vs (20 +/- 5) micromol/L, t = 5.3, P < 0.01] after treatment, whereas no significant changes were observed in group B. In group A, endothelium dependent [(12 +/- 5)% vs (9 +/- 5)%, t = 2.9, P < 0.01] and independent [(18 +/- 4)% vs (12 +/- 5)%, t = 3.4, P < 0.01] vasodilatation responses significantly increased after treatment, no significant changes were observed in group B. Endothelium dependent [(9 +/- 6)%, t = 2.8, P < 0.01] and independent [(12 +/- 5)%, t = 3.5, P < 0.01] vasodilatation responses of group A were significantly lower than that of group B after treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Vitamin B supplementation can reduce the levels of homocysteine and improve the endothelial function in hyperhomocysteinemic renal-transplant recipients.</p>

Analysis of eleven cases of severe pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyse retrospectively the diagnosis and treatment of severe pneumonia in kidney transplantation recipients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between January 1999 and December 2003, 172 adult patients underwent kidney transplantation at our department. In all severe pneumonia cases, empirical therapy was initiated with aztreonam, erythromycin and ganciclovir. And the therapy was switched to proper antibiotics according to the results of sensitivity testing. Responsible pathogen was detected by study of BAL (bronco-alveolar-lavage), sputum and blood specimen. Analyses included cell differential count, cytopathologic examination and cultures for bacteria, fungi and viruses. The immunosuppressive therapy was drastically reduced. Hypoxia was relieved by BiPAP (Bi-level Positive Airway Pressure) or mechanical ventilation if necessary.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seventeen cases (9.9%) of pneumonia were observed in the 172 recipients, only 11 (65%) patients experienced severe pneumonia, 1 (9%) of them died. Fever was the most common symptom on presentation (82%). On presentation 46% of the patients presented with classical clinical syndrome of fever accompanied by cough and dyspnea. Positive rate of BAL and blood culture were 100% and 46% respectively. BiPAP and mechanical ventilation were required in 6 and 2 cases respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>BAL is preferred for early detection of responsible pathogen. A combination of drastic reduction of the immunosuppressive regimen, implementation of appropriate empirical antibiotics, proper BiPAP or mechanical ventilation are important.</p>

Electron paramagnetic resonance in monitoring of nitric oxide production after kidney transplantation in rats / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Much research has been focused on ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) to the transplanted organs. As a free radical, nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in IRI. In this study, the production of NO and its functions during IRI were monitored in rat models after allotransplantation of kidney grafts.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Of 75 male LEW rats, 30 served as donors, and the remaining 45 rats were divided into three groups (15 rats in each group): controls (group 1), kidney allotransplantation followed by bilateral nephrectomy during reperfusion (group 2), 2 hours before operation, donors and recipients were treated with N(G)-nitro L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a NO synthase inhibitor, at a dose of 30 mg/kg (group 3). Bilateral nephrectomies were performed while kidney grafts were reperfused. The kidney grafts were hypothemically stored for 24 hours. The production of NO before and after reperfusion was measured by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The creatinine level, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and the protein carbonyl content in tissue samples were recorded on the first and the fifth day after operation. The data were evaluated by one-way analysis of variance. Differences were considered to be statistically significant when a P value was less than 0.05.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After reperfusion for 15 minutes, the production of NO increased remarkably and kept increasing till 120 minutes, after which the level returned to normal. In group 3, which was pretreated with L-NAME, creatinine levels were higher than those in group 2 at the 24th hour (4.10 +/- 0.50 mg/dl vs. 3.77 +/- 0.42 mg/dl, P < 0.05) and the 120th hour (3.19 +/- 0.79 mg/dl vs. 2.22 +/- 0.53 mg/dl, P < 0.05). GFR levels in group 3 were lower than those in group 2 at the 24th hour (0.50 +/- 0.12 ml/min vs. 0.71 +/- 0.19 ml/min, P < 0.05) and the 120th hour (0.59 +/- 0.38 ml/min vs. 1.27 +/- 0.23 ml/min, P < 0.01). The content of protein carbonyl in tissue samples of group 3 was lower than that in group 2 at the 24th hour (29.01 +/- 7.02 nmol/mg protein vs. 49.39 +/- 13.13 nmol/mg protein, P < 0.05), but was higher than that at the 120th hour (75.71 +/- 16.74 nmol/mg protein vs. 57.93 +/- 15.32 nmol/mg protein, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>After transplantation of hypothemically stored kidney grafts, the increased NO production in the early stage has protective effects on the transplanted kidney. Application of L-NAME to inhibit NO production is harmful to the recovery of the renal functions of kidney grafts.</p>